Negligence Per Se and Contributory Fault in Vehicular Accident Litigation
Sintesi Legislator
Generato dall'IAThe case involves a dispute over liability arising from a vehicular incident where the plaintiff's vehicle was struck. The court addressed multiple issues regarding the application of various statutory provisions, particularly concerning traffic infractions and the resulting burden of proof for negligence and contributory negligence in civil actions. The court reasoned that specific statutory violations related to vehicle operation constituted negligence *per se*, establishing a prima facie case for the plaintiff, and that the defense failed to adequately demonstrate contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff under the prevailing evidence, ultimately affirming findings that favored the plaintiff.
Regesto Legislator
Generato dall'IAArt. 66 al. 1 LTF; Negligence Per Se and Contributory Fault in Vehicular Accident Litigation: The court addressed multiple issues regarding the application of various statutory provisions, particularly concerning traffic infractions and the resulting burden of proof for negligence and contributory negligence in civil actions. The court reasoned that specific statutory violations related to vehicle operation constituted negligence *per se*, establishing a prima facie case for the plaintiff, and that the defense failed to adequately demonstrate contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff under the prevailing evidence, ultimately affirming findings that favored the plaintiff.
Parole chiave
Generato dall'IADisposizioni normative citate
Generato dall'IADecisioni correlate
Generato dall'IAQuestioni giuridiche chiave estratte da Legislator
Generato dall'IACited for the allocation of costs against the losing party.
Testo completo
&'()*&+,,) -&./+&+,,/
-
-0 - 0
12" 3 % 33 42" +,,/ !"#$#% & ' ' (( ) + '!" ,-.
! " ! # $% %
+$/#%+
50-
#4 " #-13 '5" !! !6," 78 6 !! 9:: '; 6 #-<#4 "6" #% '7 #--1 ! 6= )(( ) + >+6=) ?5' @6 9A )!' 5 6:4
$4 $. ! #--. !" A""' ''' " @ ) 5 !' !" ; '!!' 66' 8 A5 ' $2 5!7 #--2 ; '! 8 A' )7"'" > B %#% CA/!$? 5' "'" ' 5 !7 '" 5' D "'9,+'7A! 98 '' 6' :' :" #--3 9,69'""! ''" !7A 98 ' '" A !'866' 6"'(E A $3'7#--08'@"''':'6=56" "@ "' A!! A!"'8 8) 66' 6"'(E A .F'#--08)":: ) 9 1+*#::'!6:: ' ) '"69,'6'"!" 5 *#' )" 9A :'''6'"4
%4 !" ) 6 !''''"8)),5'!'' 6'" '5 !"' ;" >!6," 78 9:: ';? 8 )::' 8G ' !H! 6 '5'" 5 ::' 69,8 !, >6' 9A $3 CA?4 66 = 8 )" ' ;!" 6 :4 6"' (E !" 69,8'"" '! 9!'!4
04 66' );6' "'7 6 :4 '" #% ! #--< ' 8 I 6 < F5 #--1 )" ' H' '5 @ #33J4 A8) 99" '5"'' ""''!) 6'5"4 "A!' 5 ):!'8 >K?4 '!' !7+ 'A8 )!6H9' 6' 9A ' 6' ' 6 ' '' 7' ' = "'' 6 :'74 '' 6= :' 6' 5 ' '' 9A '54 6 ' '' )::' ! ::'" %# '7 #--2 8 8 6'' 7 "6"' ' @ :'4 ) ) 6 8) ''!'6 64!!7 )6=)!=');!8 8)!A8!'8)9 6'"+!" ''' ' : :86'''6'@'5@13J !! 9:: ';4 *) ' 8 8) :' ' 8)
/012%/$332 +%/#%+ 5' '= 6"7 6 8)@ 13J 6 ' !!' 65!!' '5>K?4I
*)A' 67'" )!"6'" '56!' :4 =5 8 )" 6' 6'+H' ' :!' 8) '6 ):!'8 ' 5 5 ::!!' "5" 6 '5 '' 6"'" "'' 6 ' 6"" 8 I@ !! 'L6''5 "A!7 5'' '' ' 7' 8 :' 8 '' !"' 6'" '56'H'8 $1J 66 66'@67'" : '; 6'" '5 .1JI4
14 $3 5!7 #--< ''' 8 )" 5' "'" 67 '5@#33J #F'#--0%3'7#--0@13J %#'7 <F5 #--1 6 @ 5 @ #33J - F5 #--1 #. 5!7 #--2 ' @ 8 6' :4 6 '5'" 9:: '; @ 13J ) :!" + 8) ' '= ' 5 # F' #--1 %# F5 #--2 ' !+' @ !6' #:"5#--.4
24 " #!#---%!#---'$3F'#---)' )' '= =#F'#--1' ) !+' =#:"5#--.' '!6"!'6F'':'"'":!"4
.4 $< '7 $330 )" '" ) "5 "A' "'"' "'' '"4 6" ::' 8 '' 6A" >5 ; 9? 658 6, 99 )!6H9' !9 8 = $33# "'' 7"'8 " "9 ! ' ' ! ::' > "9 F! ' "9 ' ' 76? ' 6'' 6'" '5 A "8 =$330 67=!'A F!7 ' 'M" ' 7'" !' 6'" !9 ' : 8) ::' :'A "' A " 6 "'' 7"'8 ' ''!'!" !';4
<4 #% "!7 $330 " @ ) ( 6"' (E !" ' :!" 8 6'' 6"'' AA5' "'' '"8)65''!'6'5@6 $3J8 7='5 !6' 5"5=>''' 8''= !!7:"?5' A5"6 "''A""4
66' $<F5$331(6" A' 7=' ',6 E 6 $33$ ) ! 5 :'#--3 )'"6'96"69"8 !!7:" =$33%
/012%/$332 +0/#%+ ' ) "9 ' 76$3304"5")6'" '5 6'' @ .1 J 6 $2 '7 $3304 = 8 6' ' 6'N'!75)'''!5 6'' 7"'84::'+ 8:'" 5 ):'' '' '=6"69"8' 6" 5567'" )54
6"8)")'67 );''5'"!8)I6' '5@$3J''6!I4
-4 )"!!8"@) 6 7' !6' );6'' 6"$33$@$3304
#34 5'" @ "'! * ''" 8) ), 5' 6 )""!' 67' 5' 6 AA5' '' 7F'5 ," 6 )!6'9 !" '''4 ""8)'5'" 9:: '; "6 ' "'' 6'"'65'65!H!';4>4' #1!$331?4
##4 " $1 5 $331 ) :!" )" 8 ! )A!'' '"''F'"4
#$4 )" :!"66'#-!$331' "'"' $3F$3314 ""8)"''H' '5@.1J 6'7$3308)@)"68 6!= " ::' '!' )''' 8 ' !6"4 66 );' 67=! +5 ),'9! 8 '!!' )'9"" ' 7='4 6' 6 ' 7 ' 6' 76 $330 8) 76 7AA @ 6' '' 8 9:: ';4 A : 8 !" !'8'6''M' ! '7 '' !' ":; )9,6A,"!8 ):' ' !' )'"56 '694
#%4 )" 5" @ #% F' $331 6 ) 66' "'7 6 :4 *5 9!'A E0F'$3318 :! 6" '7 "A""': ;68' 6' 6' 6'' > ' '7 ''8 9 !7 5 7 7 5 A9' 6'90+1"5!A 9'"A9 '9' 677!' 0? ' ) 66' E A(E %3F$331 ''8)"6"' !!':"@!0+1O)'' 6'9 "A""'5 @ '= 6': ) 6' ' )' 6' 9 '" A9@!6':!'@! A";'+:!4
#04 'A" 6 ) 6"' (E A :!" ## P' $331 8) 5' 6'' 6 5!7 $330 6 67=! A84 :!" 8 6 : $330 ;''
/012%/$332 +1/#%+ AA5' ,!6'!'A 5 66'' 6" @ )::''5'A8)')"6"''9,6''"' ,6 "! 'N" ''!'4 !" ''' 8 ' A!'' ' ' F':" 6' 5 A86'5)'5'" 6''>9::6:?4
#14 " #% 6'!7 $331 ) :!" )" 8 " $15$331"''"'8)'' "''64
#24 ## '7 $331 !!8" @ ) 66' A69 )" ::'" 2 '7 $331 @ ) 8 5' ' "'" 6" D ! !' ''A' 66!' 'G !6'' ) '' ' 5 7 "'' AA698G ' ' :' ,'8 5'A9!4
!" "6=' 8 )' ) ' @ '; .1J ' 8" "'' "9A!''5 6'9A4
#.4 'A"6) *5 '!7' 5A' ""8 4 !" 5' "" )" 6' @ ' 5"9@!'6=)5;!"-5!7$3314
#<4 ) :" 6" @;6'!' 6 )"466'"'""'7##P'$3324
' 8 )" '5 '!' @ $1 J 66!' 6 )6 ';)'+@+ )6 A'': !6''884
* 6 '"' !" ' 5" 6" !7A 98 5 'A A9 6' !5!' 6"'9' 99 A9 !,'69 8 6 A9 ' 6'90+159 '':'50A94 '"A!'''"8'@ "9 76 '!7' !' :4 )" ' 66!' !'" 6' 6A"'6' 9A4),'':6 )AA5'7F'5 !F666';6"" '"5' "' G), 6 F':'@ !' 6'" '5 '5'" 9:: ';666';13J !'"!'4
*6!'8A""), "7!'6A ''' " 7=' ' @ ' 6'! :' 8 5!'9"6'8'6F8)@6"'6!'''
/012%/$332 +2/#%+ !' ) 6'" '5 !6=' 6: !! 9:: ';4
* 6 5 )" 6"' !'6 :' 8 56,568)''''''5 Q5 :' #--3 6 "!!' A6' ' 8) 5 6"69"8 68) 7"":" ) A6' )'= 8 ;'A9' )'=:"!6:6;!A94!" ' ""8)),5'6 '+ ' 5@6' )'5'"6:8 5''!6' )!'' 6'' @!94
*66,98)!=');!86!''' @ '' 6'" ',6 7 '"" 6 '7'" )9! !65'" ' !5 '" ; :''4 ',6 :'!' 6'")5="6''P';"A6,98' 6' @ !' !'6:4!" ' = '!" 8) , 5' !' !' %3J '7 6'"4
"!";6'''@'' A','"6 6'" '5 !7'A A9 98 "9 76 ' $330 6"'9' 99 A9 6'" ',6 7 ' @ '' A' "6 6'" '5 7=' ',6 "5' $33$ 6'9 9"!8 ' 9,6'5 ''"#--3''"6'9 !!7:" 6$33%4 '+ @6'" '5 13J '5'" 9:: '; 6 !'8 ' #33J 5 !' !' %3 J 66,984
#-4 ) !!8" @ )" $ '7 $332 6F' " ; '! 8 ! )A!'' ' ' F'" !': 8)I ' ""!'!" ; 5' ! 8 );6' ::'" ' );6' !" 8 )AA5' !7A F': 6 ! :' 6'" '5 5' '5'" 97' >9:: '; @ 13J?4 * 6 7=' ! '9"6'8'66!'''!' ''6'" '54* 6 5),6 )"5 )AA5' )'"6'9 !!7 :"4 )6'' 69,8 ' !, ! ::' 6 ); 5' 6:4 : 6 6,9'8 7 !' " "F@ "'" 6 !6' 6 )"'7!' 6'" '5!'"I4
/012%/$332 +./#%+ $34 $.'7$332)"''"'66"8 '' 6 5 8 7=' !" !'' 7A' ''' 6'9A A ' ::' ;' ' 6:4
$#4 " 25!7$332) :!": )A!' !+ ' )5 '"4
$$4 )"'F'"1 "!7$332 ' ' "4 ":= ;6"!' @ )5 ; !" ''' ( ' 8 665' ! )A!'' '4 6" 8 ! "5 )' 6 !'5" 6 )AA5' !7A4'8 7='+!H!)'6 '@!6H9 ' )'!7!A8 )A' 5"9 @ '' 6: 8 ' ::"'4 69 @ ' "A @ ) )A::' !" !''7A'''!' 6'9A4'':8) A6'7F': ! 5 ' A 8 ' '!7 6: ' A""' '+!H!:' 8 ):'68'''" !" !'4
$%4 "6 1F5$33.) ":=;6"!'; );6' ''F' 4
$04 )"A6 $1F5$33.86'" '5" ' @ $1J ' '''" 6 !" ''' ' 6 $. '7 $330)'6!6'7@9;6!!6"' ) 4=5 '8 ! "5"'" "6"6(4
$14 %5$33.) !'6'4
$24 "'"'!@)"'A "@FA4
0-
#4 :!"!' @ )'4 12 4 # '4 94 $ A5 )A' F >? 7 ' M' ' 8 ''' 6"5 @ R' 12 :" " 6' A"" ' 2 '7 $333 > ? 8 ' '5@:" "R+5 '" #-F#-1-> ?4
*!6"'6FA R6='"'74
/012%/$332 +</#%+ $4 ' '" 5A # F5 $33% 'M' ! :' "A'5 '!!' ' )+5 '"4 6' 5 '!6'66667=A '5A!!'O :' F 8!' "'!' ' 6 ' ' FA : 66666")"'' :'""@ ' "'!' "66''A> (#$-0 4#4$G #2- 4#G%12 4#'H''"?4
*: 7 "=58 "'A,'"'" ' 2 5!7 $332 ' ''' "'' :' F 8!' "'!' !'' @ )" $330 6"' 'A ;!" @ != 6' 4 5' 8 8) ' 5 8 6' )' 6 ! :" ' )5 '" ) ' F6 ( ,'5''F )''"4
%4 8 6" ' @ ":' =A '' ' ' )66')668'"5 =F '"5A> (##.-% 427G##$%23 40G #--< S%.64%#2 4%7?4
"6" :! ' " 6"5 6 6"' ' 57 >'423 ?4
04 'A 6' 8' 5 '; )5 '" )" )' ! :" :T '7 @ 5 ' 8 ' 6"5 @ )' ) !+''! :" !F':')A!'' '4
14 5' '4<4# '04# '"6'"5 '")6'" A''6'6"!"6!' A "'"'' ) :!'"A"' )! ) '4 '@)6'" A ' ":@)'4. !! !' )!7 )6' 67'" A )" !9" '5 "87" '' !'"' )'''@'"69,8!''8)6' 6=''!''! " 6'';A74 , 6" 8 F6 ' R5 '" ' ' ' "!8 ' !" G ' "8 "!87F'5 R6'":'8R!6' R"5> ( ##3$.1 40G#31$3. 4$?4
'''@'"6,9865'!!'''69,8'M 5 '" )'40 4# >5)'4< ?4 = 6 !! "8 ) "'' 6,98 ! : 6 !! ::' @ 6 9A 6 )+5 '" !' 6'" A8)"6'!6H9:'65
/012%/$332 +-/#%+ 7 5'"G ! 8 ' ;A7 ' H' "'!" 7F'5!' 8 67 > ( #3$ #21G * $33# 64 $$0 4 $7 ' ":"G:4 (#$.$-< 40:?4
24 ;'! R'4$<4# R" '@'R+'5 @ 22$/%J!@ !+'R+'5 @13J!@ 8' 'R+'5 @03J!4
.4 * )'4#. '; )5 '" 7"": ' 7' ! :''7'' ):: ! "5"6)5@ 5 A!'" " ' "8 66!"4 6' 5'9A!')'6 ' 'H''9"!6':'' 8)6"''!!' "' ''' "A' @ )"68 " 'A > (#%3 %1# 4%414$ #$1%2- 4$ ' ":"G 5 "A!' ( ##$%.$ 4$7 ' %-3 4#7?4
' 9A!' !6'' ' 66 @ : A" )5 '"' '@'6'!'5"5)'#. 4'6'H'"5"!' ! :'7 )"'' '" ! 8 + ' '" !H! ! 8 "8 6'" A ' 7 9A!' !6'' > (#%3%0- 4%41##%$.1 4#G5"A!' (##$%.$ 4$7'%-3 4#7?4
8) ! "5' "6"+ '"'7 :T67 8)5 '")!6' )")'! :" !=@: '>:4'4<.4% ?4
), '': 6 !'= @ "5 8 ' ' !" 9A"'8!': 66 !' '" 8!' 566"' > ( 67" #$'7 $331</30 4$G (##$%.$ 4$7'%-3 4#7?4!': "5)'4#. '!'' > ( 67" #$ '7 $331 </30 4 $G !' 'LA '5 5 59A '9= (7A $33$664#%%?4"A!''"5 ''::' '': !'F 8@";! ' '@'4
<4 65 "'! ' @ 6'' ) !'' > FA ?7 !'8!" "5'!' )'6"' 5':4'U9 !" '@6' FA!' )"'' '" ' @ 8 8 ! ' 6 8 '5'" )" ' 67 '54 ' " !" ''' ""!' ' 6 "'! 8 '5; 6'
/012%/$332 +#3/#%+ 7!';A )"> (#$1$2# 40##1#%0 4$ ##0%#0 %#31#1< 4#?4
8567' R66'!" 8' "'!' R' 8 6' 'A; ' :' R7F' R "' '" 8 66' : ;! !6' 8R 6 "A!' "'6';6!"66;!"8R'"'""'7 6 R!= 8 6' ';' !" ' R66"' ''!" '':8 R;6' ' P!' !'5"4 !' R""!' "'!' 6 5 67' R' RA !, 65 "A' !! 66' !! ;6' ! 7 ' 7 ' > ( #$1 %1$ 4%#$$#23 4#'":"?4
: )A' 5 67' 66' "'7 6 !" '''FA6'' ''!6' :'8);6"!" ''''A""!' '@6 6'66'' ' :8)'@ 4 F6 6 6 ;''':'66"'8)@)66"' )6'" '56!" :!> (#$1%1% 4%7/' ":"#--16400G #-<<64130 4$?4
-4 )"68 " ' ' )" ::' ) 9 6'"+!" ' ) '' 6' :'4 :4 )5' "" !! 67 '5 @ 13J '5'" 9:: ';4 !+' )5 '"5'"'" "4
#34 )" ! ""5 '7$3304=A8 "'' '" )' AA5" 6 " ) ',' !+ '4 ::' " ' '5'" 9:: '; @ $1J 6 '7 $330 )6' 66!' A' ' !6'7'" ' 884
:!"8 6:$330,!6'!'A 6' 5 A8 )"'' AA5" ' "" 8 5 9A!' 5 6'9A)' )'@.1JF':'4
("A!' ""86''65'6'5@ 6 $3J 7=' !68" )''' 5 "5= ,' A5 "6 "'' A"" >:4 #% "!7 $330 ' 66' $<F5$331?4
##4 !" ''5 5'''' 59 ""8)"'' '" )")"''6AA5"6' ):6'" '5666'@85'"'"''"6:4
/012%/$332 +##/#%+ ' ' @ 6'" '5 13J )'5'" 9:: '; 6 !'8 ' #33J 5 !' !' %3J66,984
' @ ' "A 5" 8 I 6 !'8 !H! ' @ 6' 76@ '),6 ! :'!F 6'" '5 6 #--.4 )" !' AA5' !7A ! '' ' 9A" 6);6' :44*66,98), 6 @6'" '54"!"), "7!' 6A ''' " 7=' ' @ +' 6'! :' 8 5!'9"6'8'6F8)@ 6"' 6!''' !' ) 6'" '5 !6=' 6: !! 9:: ';I4 )' 6 6 '5" '+ ' 5@6' )'5'"6:8 5' '!6' )!'' 6'' @!94
#$4 )"88)'6""8 ! "5 )"''"'"6!'5"6)AA5' !7A6 7=' +!H!!6::' !" !''8"''6'6 ''!' 6'9A '"'''''8" '7!'6'" @ 6:!'5"9'!74"A!'69"@ ) 6'!6' 'A "6 ' )';' 8'''6""!'68 ):'4
#%4 7 "''6''8!" '6' 6' )"'5::' !" !'6'' "' 66'4(' )8)' P!''!6' 66"': 4!H!'+ ''"6 9::6:4
66@' 8 66' );6'"'76 !" 'H'! '''8'46''A; ' :' )7F' ) "' '"4 66' : ;! !6''6' "'6';6!"6'4 "'" "'7 )!=' !" 4 6' ';' !" ' )66"' '' !" ' ' );6' ' P!' !'5"4 ' 66' 6"'" !6' '' ' ;8 F6 !' 5 67' )' !'> (#$1%1$ 4%#$$#23 4#' ":"?4
7 " '' 6 8 !" ''' :' !'"'' ::' !" !''6'6'" '5 6''4
/012%/$332 +#$/#%+ #04 , +'+ " 8 )' @ 7 ' 8 ) :" )A!''"@)"4'"8F'"4
/012%/$332 +#%/#%+
6-05 -0 - 0
%
7 2
#4 "574
% 7
$4 F''4
%4 '"!!' $33:4@9A '4
04 :! 6' 8R 65' :! ' 6"' H' " %3 F = ':' 6= 7 :" " >*9VL9:822330 ?65 !'= ' 67:!"!';'4<$ :" " 7:" " #. F $331 > (?G !"! ' 8 !': ' !, 65'6'A' ' ! 'G ' H' " 7 :" " 6 5 6' 6 5 "'8 ; ' )'4 0$ (4 6"' H' ' 6= 6 '58"!!!, 65 5'H'F'@)54 A::= " ' + W X
6:! 6"'H''':";6'8R@R:::" " 6A::
/012%/$332