Legislator Giurisprudenza & Legislazione
ATAS/210/2005 • CJ GE ATAS/210/2005 Generato dall'IA

Implied Contract Term and Parol Evidence Rule in Service Agreement Dispute

Numero d'incarto ATAS/210/2005
Autorità giudiziaria
Giurisdizione Svizzera · Canton Ginevra (CH-GE)
Data della decisione
Esito del giudizio Parzialmente accolto (Partially Allowed)

Sintesi Legislator

Generato dall'IA

The case concerns a dispute over whether a contract implicitly contained a specific term regarding the duration of a service. The lower court found that the parties' course of dealing and industry custom supported the inclusion of a minimum one-year term, despite its absence in the written agreement, leading to a judgment for damages based on breach of that implied term. The reviewing court upheld the lower court's decision, reasoning that the factual findings regarding the parties' prior course of performance and the applicable industry standards provided a sufficient evidentiary basis to support the inference that the parties mutually intended to incorporate the one-year term, thus rejecting the argument that the parol evidence rule barred the consideration of extrinsic evidence to establish the term.

Regesto Legislator

Generato dall'IA

Art. 66 al. 1 LTF; Implied Contract Term and Parol Evidence Rule in Service Agreement Dispute: The lower court found that the parties' course of dealing and industry custom supported the inclusion of a minimum one-year term, despite its absence in the written agreement, leading to a judgment for damages based on breach of that implied term. The reviewing court upheld the lower court's decision, reasoning that the factual findings regarding the parties' prior course of performance and the applicable industry standards provided a sufficient evidentiary basis to support the inference that the parties mutually intended to incorporate the one-year term, thus rejecting the argument that the parol evidence rule barred the consideration of extrinsic evidence to establish the term.

Parole chiave

Generato dall'IA
contratto di fornitura di servizi base probatoria validità del contratto a termine contenzioso contrattuale nozione di decisione parte contraente

Disposizioni normative citate

Generato dall'IA
Generato dall'IA

Questioni giuridiche chiave estratte da Legislator

Generato dall'IA
Art. 66 al. 1 LTF

Cited in the dispositive to rule on the costs of the appeal proceedings.

Ti chiedi come si applica questa sentenza alla tua fattispecie?

Analizza questa decisione insieme alla legislazione federale e cantonale, ai commentari e alla giurisprudenza successiva in Legislator AI.

Apri in Legislator →

Testo completo

               $%&'$())* $(&)$())+



, ", -  ,- -

./  -0 1 ! &*  ())+ 



! 2222222222  !  "!#"$"%&  !   "!$$!'""

! 

33- -  4,-5"$ " "' (!)*+,

              ! " !#

   30-./3  

 3

.4 5" +$$67 .)*2 .)*)5!"8888888888 ./ ' .)99 $  "!"  " " " " $: '"  ;"3+  ! < ,"  %" => "' "$$ $".)/94  ' .))? "  7"   @   A   "! $ : $!"  , @'  $ 3"64    "," $:=!$ $  $ $: ' "$+.1#".))? 8888888888"" '$""  %:$ '=.))?8888888888@"B"! @!$" 4

04 $ $.? '=.))*! $!$'$$  "!  ,"  C :! !" $:   $:","$"   "! $: "! $ =!  B!D$" $:$@"$!3"$:$!" 4

E4 ! $0/! !=.))*8888888888"$"%%!   " ""  ! $ ,"$"?'.))? C91F$".)!G  .))*4   $"B! "%     + 7  $ !@"     " =""   " "$ 'B   "! @"B" " ,  ? 7," .))*4 6"%% $!: " = %: ="" "! "  "  "4 &!  "   "   7 "B=""    $ $! C :77!  %" :'H@"  $:77  $ '!,'  $:, "!   $:=$ "! $'"+!!B4 ,"I!$!J!," ! H " !'' 4 ,"$" => "' : " "$"%!=='  $ '"+ $7"" ",4   !$ !  $ 0. #," .)))  '$"  "$"%%!  "  !#!"" $ ,"C91F$"'!" $:!G  .))*   + @$" $ ! ," !%:" $,"  ,  = 3 $$:@!"K! 4

24  .) #"  0111 :   $  !  $:%H  !!'"% !  "$$ 4,! '' %: " $:"" $+7," .))* $ ,"  "! $ :! "! ="  ", $ : $!"  %" ," " ?'!"$$ "! 7"" %$ "  ,6!3 " 4 &"  C  "  $ $! C : : ,"  " ! ,"C91F$+./!G .))*477 " "3'H' ,6'"63" " "  $6 7!"  $ '4  ' .)))  !  ,"    $ $! ,"C.11F'" " "=$:6!' ""!$ !    $   %"  "  $  $ "!L "  "  ," "' $ =!B   $:"7'' "! C :  $! :'H@"  $ ,"    "  "'"   ",$ "'!,'  $! $@B4$!," ," BB,!  $ 4

 6$!! !,:," "=7"  ", L ?/M.2* 74 ?1  .))E ??M*?? 74 21  .))2 /2M*?? 74 21  .))9 9)M21)7401.))??M/*)7419.))*9.M1?)74*9.))/ 3EM/7401



-)./-0112  3E-./3   .)))4(@!!B,%'B!"$ .))?:,"  "'"  $B"$ :$ : " %:.))*%:  ="$, " "!$:! "!4 :.))/ " ,"  !," $B"  $BB$:6".))) "  $ C :BB, "! $ !    $  4 ! :,"    BB !  '"!$ ," "  "==4

",$!'"!$, 6$:"" !!'"% "  ", L'!($=7" " C  " $*EM1017491$ .))EC.))9 ,'!("$6!:"$"$"!'"6 "  $ *9M12/ 74  .))* $ *9M?.1 74  .))/   $ *9M/0) 74  .)))4  !'"! $ , 7""  A  ).F $:","$"  !!'"% ! :.))*E0F!:.))/ .11F!:.)))4

 "(@!!B,%:"!," $: $! '$" $4 8888888888!,"B B$:!=, "!!7"!! 6 "4 :," !,%:"!," $! ","  .))/"'"  $!''B!!'"%CE0F" C!"$ $.))?4

94  02 #"  0111   8888888888  $ ! !  $"B! "%   "$66""$!" 7""@' $ "  =!" $ :@'  $" "! $ ' !3"  " =""  $ : " "!B!3@'$!" "! "$:" "!$=" :!'!  , "!  " $   " 7"" $ =!  B!"$"  $! @!"%  " $!"     $! $! @ 4   ! '' 6"%%:"," , " !$"+7!"E1#"01114 :3"$  5  ,"  "'%:" " ""  $7"" ", $ ," $ 91F4 ! 7!"   8888888888  "'"  % ! @$" " "'!  ,!   $:"$$  $" => "' 4 !," 77 $ ,6,=,;7!$!$" "  N<":!$:@ "" " $! "4

?4 .0! !=01118888888888"$"%% "  " ""  ! $ ,"$"'!"$7,".)))  " "=$" =$ "! , "!$$)1O;,!$!" < "" @B4"  "!,!" $7,!='  ": " =$ ," $!7"!$> "3" 4

*4  8888888888"$"%.?! !=0111%:"," , " ! $"+ 7!"  0E !G 0111   %:" :,"  !    '"! "! $" !$ ! $02#" 01114

/4 ! $0.$'=011177 (@!!B$$",""! $$  "!!7"!$:" "'" !!$:! !(! 



-)./-0112  32-./3   % $ =$B$:","$" $29F$: $"!$!" C$   "! ! ", $,!",""!$04

 C"+$! " ! %" C!"$ .))?" ,"  $"  ! ' $ ,"   !=!"   "'  , $:   " %" " ' "  $ ," C  ( @' $"    : "  %  ,6%"$," "' ",' H  '"C$ "4  .))?! ," "'"  $B"'B:"$ P.))*","  ="$,"!$:" , "!@"B"P.))/","   !,  "  $ B"    .))) " ,"  C !, (  =" $ ,"!$:BB, "!$!  $ 4

 (@!!B   "' %  "  "! '$" $ !  :,"    "'  "   !@"% %  $"     8888888888   8888888888 $  !   "7 $ 02 #"    .0 #" 01114  !  " %! ," "! "," !,'=0111'B $!4

&!  @"77 %:" ,"  !''"% ! : 0111 ! ,   " $2.M91*74!77 !'"!$B"(@!!B," "  !"$ "! ! , ,  ","$" 4 &",  :%H  !!'"%  '!($=7" .))E .))9$!" ,$*EM1917 %"  7!"  " ! :"$" $ " !'"6   "$6 $!"  *9M/0)74.)))4&!, 0111 "'! $.1'" '!"$:$!" ,$2.M91*74!'"!7"" A   $B"$29F!!$ C:! !"$:% $ 4

!  %"  "  $ ' $ '  !7"!  (@!!B !!" $ ' "+$7" %:7!' "!"" "  7'  "! $ ! 7"= ! !"4  , $  "'"  "!   ","  " $ (  ;%"  $'$  $ ,  = " $ !  $ @B< "  ,"B=4 5" !  ( $: ","   "   "  $:,"! 21M)91 74 !"  "7" C " %:" ,"  #% C4    !  ,"" C!!' $"$01 :,"B" $  !,"4 $'  ,"C!!' "' " ! $"$:!B"; @K"%$$! "  !"'!  ! !7"  " ,6C$'"<4 (@!!B "%::,"    "  ,  ","$"  $ : ! : 0111 '" '  ! : .)))  %  : A $ @B'  "'!   $  4

)4   !  $ .? #"  011.   8888888888   8888888888 $  $",""!$@' !!B"$Q! "$"%%! ," #!$  ," $ 0  .E #"  011.4  !  , %  !   "  



-)./-0112  39-./3   = ""% $ B" '"% $!"  !" C $ ,"B" @!"%  BB, "! !B", $" E 4 :6' ""% '! "   $"+  "'"  "! $  '!="" "!  ", $ : $!"  ,  !== $"! @"$3"6$!  '"",$ +K $ @!'!D$   $ :B" $ :!'!  C $!"  "" % $ := $ ($!' ,"4 "    !   "  " $ !'=!" B" !'' @!"%  ($!' !'=!, = " ($!' ""  "7 ! $7"" "4  $"!B@" $  !! ,"   !'="   $ : $!"  :,"  , " $  ""4 &"  C  " '  $: "3"7'' !"   $ @("! @" :,! "! ,"    +  "7" ,$"'" "!$$!$:,"!*1F4

.14   $""! $ 02 #"  011. :   !  !   $B $:","$" $).F$ *'.))*E.'.))/$.11FC !' $. #,".))) $29F$".,"01114

:" "'  6"% % ! $!"  C    =   $B $:","$"  $ ).F" "C:"$$"$:%"!"!" $+* ' .))*4 :'"! "! $  "  $ B"  .))/ ,"  !$"  C  "! $     E. ' .))/ ;:%H  !!'"% (  7"     $:"" $B"$E0F.))/< $+.#,".))):," $!"  C =$B$:","$" $.11F4+.,"0111!$!"  6   "!  "  $ 29F   " ,"  $!"  C  $'"3  :" '""   !$" "!!!'"%$"=4

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



-)./-0112  3?-./3   ,"$91F %:"! "C ,"$!7"!!T" " !"=$ :" B! ",' 4! ' !'  $!>B  $$"77" $B7U"'="  !"4

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

.E4 $ $*#,"0110:  !'B"$: $!  "!#"$"%$!$'$$,""!$  "! $:BB, "!$!  $ 4  B$" ! $ $",""! $ @' !!B" $ Q $ .? #"    ./  '= 011.   $  ""%$$ "!$Q$0.$'=011.4

.24   % "!" !  ,""! $    $ 0/ 7," 0110 :  " % !  "  !" "   $ B" $!"  , !== $"! @" $ 3"6 ,"B"   !'=!" B" !'' @!"%4   $ ,!"    ""  !  $ ," $"  '!" $:,"011.4

.94  0E ," 0110   W8888888888 @77 $ ""%  $ '  $ !" ""%   $' !!B" ""% $ $ "!  "$"% % : !77"  $ !'=!" B" !'' @!"% $ ,"B" !'' @!"% $ B" '"% $!"  $  ! 6  $ !== $"! @" $ 3"6 $    + ! "! $ R$  ",$:$!" .))? $  +$ "$$6 S   .))9   %:" ,"   ""  !B'' $ !$" "!'  ! !'=B"%I!=# "7$!J4 :"$!B'' " : "  $!' %:"7""  " "," @("%$!: " 



-)./-0112  3*-./3     "'!   % ! $ :" ","  ! 4 "   "  : " 3" !! $ !",   ","  @("% B"+ ,  '" $  $ $:7" !@$!$!'""4

.?4 2'"0110 88888888886"%%:  $ $ " : "  BB,"!$!=+'B"%%$!,'!7"!  " "$"% %:6'!'' ": " "$" 6''$"( "09,"01104 " "'!"=! " $ $ ,"'H'C ' "$!' "$" => "'    "," B+C ' " " "$"%4

.*4  .* #" 0110  8888888888 '$"3!" $ :   !  %  ," $ "   !,"   C :4   , %  "  "! : "  '"!$" B$$'=011.!T !  "," $" E1F  "! $  "  $ $! "%  '$"3 "   !!"  $ I !,   ","  B+ C '  "J4  '$"3!" !"   "$"% %: " " $91F"C%  $ 4&"  "+! " " $"$,""!$.0'!"  " C!B''"!' !7"!4

./4  .) !,'= 0110 :   , $  !  $:!=, "! "  % : "$"%"  $  I% "!" !  ,""! $   J     $   BB, $" ," 011.4     $ =" 011. $ : " " "" %3"$BB"  $)2074!" #$"$.11F4 W!  "  $+ ! $ !   % : ","  $ "   => "'  : "   $  C !    $     %:" 7"  $'   #$" !  $ !  ","  "$$ 4 :  ,"  ! 7!" %  '$"3!" "$"%"  %: "," B+C ' " " !"=4

.)4  $",""! $ $  "! !7"! $ :   $  !   .E #,"011E"$"% %:"7" ' :=7"$: B   $:!=, "! !7"! $ :3","$"  ;  < 7" $:,  "  $ ,"  '   $'    $ '"   ","  !' "= ,!  $ 4

014 0.'011E $:" B "!!7"!; <$!!  "  B  %":  $.17,")'011E4!" C " "$$ ,"$90F;$' $*1FC"!$?@ #!< $  '!" "'  "%   $('"% ;  $ !" "! $ ,"<'B ''="$!" ;5&<$"" !!'"% !$""4 :$," ," !" "!  "%77! ,"!   ,  5&  ,"  @     !  $ @B4  ,"    !=,  " "77" !,"B ,"C" '4' "   "   ", L "$3'"" >= $:"  !"% B



-)./-0112  3/-./3    4 !$% '"C: "  $%" $'A "$ ""!$!!$" "!'""$=! " $$:$  "!C'"" !"!3!7"!!  ,4:," !' "! ",  7!' "!  "%   "4   $ " $:  ","  !7"!  "$  '  "  "4  !!" "! !   '"   $: ' $ $  "! :,"    7"   :," $'!  " $ S '!$7C, "$ ,"   :,"   !#  "  : "    ! $ ! " ' " ! !''"$$ 4! 6 "7" ,"B, "! @!"% $!"4

  !  $  $ 0 ' 011E 6  !      Q8888888888 '$"3!" $  "$"%"  %  "  $ ," $  "," $  " $:!$$91F %:" "!% C"  "$$ ,"!!$" ="C"  "!""%4

0.4 ! 7"$E,"011E(@!!B$$",""!$$  "! !7"! !$C !'"! @!"%$, !!$ ' ! =7"$: = 6$:","$" $?1F4

004  $""! $ .1 #"  011E 'U   $ 02 #"  011. :   !C:$!" C$'"3 $:","$" C "$.#,"01104 :" "'6"%%:" " $:"  "!$$'$$,""!$/ #,"0110%!  $ : " BB,$"./ '=011.  %   B   " ,"  !  "  $ ," $ 90F $   ","  $ 4  !'"! $ , ,  ","$"  ;!"  ! ,  $:"$$   "   = $ ,$ .)))     !'' $ */M0/9 74<  , "!='  6"B"= ;,  $ :"$ " '7 "+ C 90F !"  E1M))0 74< 7""  A     $ B"$?12.F!!$ B' C! 6$:","$" 4

0E4 :  7!' !!" "!  /  '= 011E4   ! C  %: $" ' " " !"  !$ ! '! ", ! !!" "! C : "! $  $""!$.1#" 011E C%:   "+"!" !$$+. #,"011046"%%:"!  " !"!$!   "" %@!"6$:.))) '!  $*/M0/974!''=$$""! " "B"4   !! " $'$"   !''" "! $ "+   $ " $ ( !$"   !  4

024 +%:$"' """  !$!!' !!!" "! :!7"'3"$''!"$ $.E! !=011E $'$ C%:  "+$:","$" "!" !$$+. #,"01104 7" ,!"%!   7"" ' "!$ !@!=" $  $"77"  C B$    "! " !!B " %:" ,"    '"



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

! !,!7"!"!=' 6"B"=!   7"  ,!" %  ' @!$ $  @!"" !  7"6 "! $ ! $B $:","$"  X !"   '!( $ ! =7"   !   .))E C .))9  " !  "$" !'"6 3 : "   ! C 7" ! "   + ,! "7 $ ,    $ !  ","  !7"! "$$ '!($=7"$ !"$"+'""'""  !B"!" ,$".))2%: " !",".))?:$ :"$ 4

""$ :.))?!@"77$:77" " "C"" .))E   .))2 'H' :"  "  "7"  , =! C " $ .))9 ! 'H'%! :,"  ,"%"'!"!$ 4   "  $ 'H' ! .))*L $     " ,"  "  9 '!"  @"77$:77"$$ "$"".))E.))2 .))? $ $% $"$.))*!%! 6$: ","  " $" C91F4 .))/  !  ,"  "  @"77 $:77" $ */M111 74 'B  6 $: "," $91F!" $'!" "$"$.))EC.))* C +%", C " :" "' " $ ,!7"! "!=' 6"B"=, 6$.11F4

! !" %:"$ $*'.))?!=7""  $'!  $)1M11174$+.))?! "$'""''.11M11174



-)./-0112  3.1-./3   ", %":," "$: ! !'  $!>B!" E/  .))E 2E .))/ $!6"!7"!4+! $'$$,""!$  $," 7":!=# $:!,   !' $ !B"!4

   !  ""  %   8888888888 " ,"  !7"' % !  $ : " $B$$"'!"$ '=011.4

094 $""!!!" "!$.9'0112: # :!!" "!7!'  /  '= 011E   !'   .E ! != 011E !7"' %  6 $:","$"  $ !   "  $ ?12F " $!  $!"  C :! !" $: $'"3   $:","$"  C  " $ . #," 0110   C !"3%  $   $+  . #," 0112  B$ C :   ,"B $ $"!" "! $  % "+' ,""!$ 4 :" "''" " $""!$.1#" 011E4

7" ,!"%:%H !!'"%$.*#" 0111," '"$7"6 ,  ","$"  $ !  C *EM101 74 91 ;! *9M/0) 74  7!"  "!:"$""'!($"6C!!'' "!!.)))<  = $  '!( $    $  .))E .))2   .))9   %:" ,"  7 !$   '!(   !"  $  ' !T  @"77 $:77"="" $7  "! .))E .))94 "     "  ! $ '"  ,  ","$"  :B"  $ $"+$ :"$ $*'.))?4 $' $! $$!"$'! " ' %,$! :"  $!A 4 !!: 7"" '%%@"77$:77".))E "  $)9M?.974*1"$.))2$).M*9)74E9 "$.))9$.E*M/1?74$ ! %: ": " !  !4"," + :"$   !,"  H  "  !'  ! $ '"  ,  ","$" 4  B$": " !"=$=6",'  6 $: ","   '$"$!  !%!$' 77 "7 : "   $7""4  !% :  : "'"  B" "' C  "  ,","$" C:0110"!''$7= $ @"77 '!( " !   .))E C .))9 : 3C3$" $   ,$:"$ 4'!  $!,"$C$!"$ "!  " $!$*/M0/974

! '$:!=, "!!7"! $ '" "!$" $:","$ :  7""  '% % !  !"! $    !  $"!"  $: "  "$ $ ," $ 90F !"  *1F $ $' ?@$ ,"#!4 $'  B  ,"  ,$:6 "!7"!!:  " "%$:C:!  $  $" :! "   '  !,   : "    "= $:=  !"! $ 'A  $  B (  6'" :   "!$ ",' !B4"!7"! !''$ 



-)./-0112  3..-./3   C :   $   $ : :,"     "  !"$ "! $ :, "! $ :","$"  @!"% !   @""  $  "! !"B$!! $E,"011E4  $"+: " 77 = %   "   " "% && 0111 .  7! "! $  =@ !!'"% ;"$ "'7 "+< ! =  " "% *%"7!$" $:","$" %!%: "," "7"%,"   $ '"4+!,$:","$7"6CE1M))074H " 7 C  " "%    !'"! $ B" 7""  A   6 $:","$"  $ ?12F4

0?4 !''" "!$09'0112: B' $'"3 $:","$"  $! C !"3% $ $+.#,"01124

0*4 E'"0112:!4C!,B%' @!$"% !$ '"!,@(! @ "%","$" " !'  $,!'  !== $ !  " %" " "  !  , " C .11M111 74    B$ "  ! ='  C :!,  $:%H  $ C,,6"B"=","$"  ""' C : "!$$""!" "B" C%:  "+$:","$" "!"  !$$+.#,"01104

0/4  ! ," $ 0 #" 0112 :" "'  !  #  $ !    '" "$$""!!!" "!$.9'01124,%!   $,!"   B'  !,  "    $ 6 !,  !$$:!!" "!4" %:":(," "$: $!  $:%H !!'"%$.)#" 0111 ! $ B  ," , $:6 "!7"!4

 

.4 !"B,!":!B" "!#$""";< '!$"7" " " $+ .!G 011E "= !$!"!'!$9#B $! "$  ,"3"$ 9  .?#B; 4. 4  9? <4

&" C: "!$: "!$.?#B "=7$ 0*#,"0112; W.E1.1?<$ !"B,!"$! .E7,"  $"!" "! " !"B '   "= !$ !" $ "B   C !" #B " "  $ :   $ : "!$!,6#B4

04  !" 7$    " B $ $!"  $  !" $ ?! !=0111; <     ,"B . #," 011E  A   '!$"7" "! $ !'= $"!" "! B $  $!'" $  !"4 &   ' "  !"  $ ,!" % $!"  M"% $!"  H 



-)./-0112  3.0-./3   @ C  '"+ $ "" ! %  +B "= !    ,"B  '!'  !T  7"  #"$"%'  $ '"   !  !$"  ; W.0*2?*!"$4..0?.E?!"$42= 7<4 ,@  %" !  !$   C $7  $ +B " !" ! "  !,$!" M"%,$+#!$! ,"B; W..*  )E !"$4 ?= ..0  E?1 !"$4 2P  5  .))/ V E* 4 E.? !"$4 E=<4 M  !%!"  !$ $   . #," 011E ! " !$"  +   $  $,   "=  ! !'    ' "+ $M !" ! B"!,+B$!$! $   $"!" "! $ !$ !  $  $"77  !" " '!$"7"  4

   $:+  7"  $ '"  (  !$"  C  $""!  !!" "!$.9'0112'!  C$'$$,""!$*#,"01104 &   ' "   $:+   $! B"   !" 7$  :3","$" $.)#".)9); <$,"!,"B#%ME. $'=01104 ! 7!"%"!!$$:+ B" !,+B! $  $"!" "!!  $$"77 !""'!$"7" 4

E4 !7!''  C : 4 9?  4 .  4    "=  ! $  !" !A   "  "% $ !   "! , C : 4 9?    ", C  !" 7$  :3","$"  $ .) #" .)9) $  !, !@"77/$:6CW$?! !=0111;&/E14.<4

&!' !#B$$:+ "" ="4

24 !$" "!$,="" $!! B 49?C?1 4 " : 4 E/ " .   ,!"  % "  $" !'   #! !  '!"$!" H !''"%6 ""!''C!"$'"$ !''" "!4&!: 4E/"0  !%$"@!" '$"  $"'@ !  #! 7" $  ! !T   " ! !     ! $!'"" ! ! "+B ! '   !   '" #! !,= %" " 4 &", : 4E/"2 $"#!!'!"7"6!"! : !" ! L$*+'#!, >%*+'#!+>% "",'  ; 4 < $ .9 #"   .9 !G  "",'  ; 4 =< $ ./ $'=.#,""",' ; 4<4

 "  ,!" !''$ ;M 3C3$"  '     "B <     ! "7" C  $  C % ! $ " "  U!"  77 ",' ; W ..*.E.!"$424.E0<4!%$" H  "  %M ","  "! C  " M,!"   $! $  =!A  6   ! $   ! $ $ " $M,!" $ '" ;74 W.0*E.!"$40- 4E2<4



-)./-0112  3.E-./3    :+  $""!  !!" "! $ .9 ' 0112    ,!(    "B   !  %" :  "  ./ ' 0112 $ :!77" ! 4 >% ( ".0,"0112$"$!$E1#!$!"$9 .),"0112"",'   @.'!" '$" $!  ! '"#!!,= "$"E'"01124 # E'"0112 $  7!'   $" B6  ! $!"  $! H  $ ,= !7!'' 6 4E/ 9?C?1 4

94 % "!" "B"C @$$:+ $ '" "!$ 6 $:","$" $! 4

.#   676  8 ! 6!

M","$"    $7""   !" !''  $"'" "! $  "  $ B" ' '  ! $ !B $ %"   $M  "  C    @("%!' !, $M"7"'" !B" $M'$"!$M "$ 4 M""  $ B" !"    $"'" "! '!( ,""= $ !"="" $B"$!!M'=$'@ $ ," %""=!,  !"$ "!!; 42 <4

$$:, "!$:","$"  >@$'$"!" C!  #B' :  $ $:C"$"%% "," $"  "= $:6   $ % '4  $! '$" ! "    !   '   " ! $ '" % ,6 !   ! "!='  6"B $ : ; W .09  0?. !"$4 2 ..9  .E2 !"$40..2E.2!"$4E.19.9/!"$4.<4

&:B" $!  ="'$" "  #B  $!"  " !' $7" %!:6"'$" "   B' "   $ $!  C $  " ! !  "   "! $   "! $ !7"%":" C$"4

&!@"77?11*$ ""!$$:3","$"  $"   :77" 7$ $  !" ;W &< ! 7"   6 ,"$  $$ ""!:6' "%$"  $ ," $: 4 :6' 77      ! ,  !    B!"$:", L%"$ "=$ ,"   $ C '"!%$  "!$:!!'""= A  6 = !'   $:  "  C     ",'  7"=    %"! " "$$ ,";'$"'   <'"% :!77" : '$:!=# ",!$!'" "";464 $!'",!""$: "," $'' 6<4

*4  :+$'"+$""!$02#" 011.:" "'! ! $B$:","$" $).F$*'.))*E.'.))/$.11F



-)./-0112  3.2-./3   C!' $.#,".))) $29F$".,"01114&" C$'$ $,""!$*#,"0110:" "'!B" B  %":  $ .1 7,"  ) ' 011E4 "3"  ! %  !   "   "  "$ $ ," $ 90F !!$  C  $'  $ *1F C "!$?@#!$'!"$  %:"$3'"">= $:" !"%B  4"%Q8888888888 5$"3!" $   "$"%  0 ' 011E % :" "! %  C  " $ ,""$!!$" ="C"  "!""%4

&"  B  :" "'$$""!$.1#" 011E!"  ! $!" C$'"3 $:","$" C "$.#,"0110 = $: !'"! $ ,   !'' = $   "  "$$ ,"$90F4

! B%," =" "$$ ," "  $' $91F; !$*1F<,$#!$ ,":6$ ? @#!4

! 7!"77"' "!!  ($!,6! '$"6   !  ! ! $" "!,!"!$  $!  6' !  "$+B$:  $! ":("$: ! '! "74  $  !  '$"6 ,"   77  '" :   :"!' "=""  $ !    $   ,  !7"! $ "   => "'  '" :,"   6 %:  ","  B+ C '  " !"  "$"% ;74 ! $2'"0110$54 8888888888'$"3 "  <4

 , $  %" +$  "  "$ $ ," $ !  $!"  H   "'C90F4

'#   9: ! !: 48  ! 6!

)4 M$!" C M" ","$C21F'!"4 ", % $ 4&M" ","$C91F",! !($'"3  "! ","$"   "  ?? 0-E F     "+ ; 4 0/ 4 .  <4    "=  ","$"  $ 21F  '!" !, $!"  C  $'"3  ; 4 0/ 4.=" <4

6 ' $ M 4 0/ 4 0   ! M, "! $ M","$"   , $ ," % M","$ !"  != "  6U  M ","  %M!   "!='   $ $ " + 6 "! ,  $ ' $ $  "!   !'   $M "  "! %""= $ '@ $ ,"   !',%M"" != "M"M " ","$4

@K  "7$B$:","$" $!" H $ '"=$: !'"! $ ,4 !   , $ ," % :","$ !" 



-)./-0112  3.9-./3   != "  6U  : ","  %:!   "!='   $ $ " + 6 "! ,  $ ' $ $  "!   !'   $: "  "! %""=$'@$ ," !',%:"" != ":" : " ","$; 40/40 <4!'"!$,:77  +BB@"77 "6 ' %!"='!  $$6 , !7!  :,: $"77'  $  6 $:","$" 4   ' !T  ,  ,  H  @"77 6 '  " $!",  H   "' $:+  '  ! $    "" + %!" :! !'     , !6"' ", "" != ;' @!$B$!'"!$,P W.0/E1!"$4.P W.12.E?!"$40 0=<4

&":! $ '"!,G' $6,"7   :""  $  ' @!$ "7"% ! !  "7 , C : " 0* $ +B' $:3","$" ; <!$C!'"!$ ","    ,  $B $:","$"  $:+ :""$ $ :""  $ $'  '!"$""  "!!!'"%!+ 4

 $"77 7!$'     !$ 6 !$"" $:, "!    ' @!$B"$$7" %:","$" : ,$" '    = $: !'"! $  "," 4  !''  $ '"  '!($ !'"!% :'H@' !,!%'$"! :"7"'" +%!":!"' 77 $ 'H@'  " $B";74 W.12.E?P W $E1,"011.92*-11<4

 ' @!$ !,  ""!"$$  ""!%  ", :" "!$:","$"  " # C$7  "! !"$=  6' ! $ "! !#!  ;74 & .))/ B .0. ", ! '' .02<4

,$M","$!#"$$!" H ,,  ! 7! "! $  "  "! !7"! !+  $ M" 4  M= $M , 77 ",'  " 3 !"  !% M +  , $ M "  C    M  " $M ","  ! !   ","  $  !''  6"B"= 3  , $M","$ $!"  H  ,   = $   " "%   "'!(;74 W.0?*?<47+!C  " "%$" =   $$"   7!$  !#!   '$" !  ,   ; W.02E0EP& .)))4./0<4#"$!"$+%  "'H@' !C!$M","$6"B %M!$" '!  $"!  $  " "%4 ! 7!"$ $$ "! $!",   H  77  $ '"+ @' "% '" " !'  $ M'=$"! $ "" $= $$ '"C  "$$!  " "%,$M","$%" '"6'" ,!!'"%6"B"=$ "," !' "=," $ ,"



-)./-0112  3.?-./3   "$ $ M" 4  $$ "!  $!"   H  !  !' "%'  '" '  !%M" 6"  $ "$" %M "! $M ! $ " 7  M    '   ,  "  "$ $ ,"   '@ $ ," %M,     !!'"% "7" C  '!(4  " " M(   " $ !$ C $ $$ "! $" "  ! @ $ 7   !"$ "!!''"'"  "!"@$"M>B $," "!" ! B!" $'"$#!! ! 6 $M! "!4  7  ="  S  !$ C  , "! B!= $  "'" $!,!"$M" "!$77 $7 ,$M","$ !'   $ M'= $ "!  $  ! 4 7" !    !$C$$ "!B!="C09F4M$'""  "!$!" '! ", ="+,'   $$ "! !4    #B "     '! "7  "  = "  ! " "! C  $ M$'""  "! ; W .0?  *9P & 0110 4*1<4

.14    $:+ " 7  "%  ' @!$ B $ !'"! $ ,   !  ' @!$ 6 !$""  "   !"= $ $ '" "' ,,  +:","$" 4

: $ '"  !  !'"!    $ $=  $ $!"  6   "! !'' :6"B  #"$ ;74 W .0/  .*2P H  4 $ 00 !G 0110Y221-1.Z<!" :0110:" "'( !! $  $""!$.1#" 011E$!" C$'"3 $:","$" C "$. #,"01104

&!"+$!"=7"'!($.))E.))2 .))9 $ 74 *EM1014914  @"77  !   !     !    7+   $ 7U!",%:" " '$", :","$" 4 !'  $7" %:":B" $:'!("!," $: ",   $:.))2!" !0110,$74/1M.1E491;[)*F<4

&:B"  $ " , ","$"    $ '"   "   " "% ! :%H  "      $ " 0110 !"  !  @!'' $  $ $:  ","  "'    " ", ;", 2<  " ' =  $ 742M99*434 "=$:'!($:@$ ,"@=$!'$" 0110$2.*@;"!!'"%O.1X01124)1X =)40< "'! C742M*91491!" "$749*M11/4214

 B$":("$ "!''7" : ",$  "$ " '7 "+ $+ ! %  !  $   ,!"   "  $ ," $  '!" "'  "%   $('"% $  ""  !!'"% !$"" $:     %   ","  $  "   :  !'$! '' $:"$'""%"7+ S $ E ;!''- "!<$:  4



-)./-0112  3.*-./3   !," !$:"%,$749*M11/4217 $$ "! $#"$" X!'  $"'"  "!"'!  =" !  $!'%$7!' "!X%:"!," $:H C01F4 ,$:","$ ""$7429M?1?4*1;749*M11/421X74..M21.4*1<! 0110 $740EM*.94917! "!$:" $ ,"$90F4 !' ,","$" $74/1M.1E491"  6$:","$" $*12F ;!" Y74/1M.1E491X740EM*.9491ZL74/1M.1E491<4

..4 ,$%"+$!$'" $""!" "B" !  (  $!"  C     "+ $:","$"  $+  . #," 0110 !7!'' C: 4//="4. 4 4

 :"$" "B"$'" $74.M91143!! 4



-)./-0112  3./-./3  

 - 3  ", -  ,- -

!

;69   <  7   4# &.(  =

  9 

.4 !,=P

! 9

04 :$' 4

E4 $""!!!" "!$.9'0112P

24 " %! $!" C:! !"$:  "+$:","$" C "$. #,"0110P

94 !"$'" $74.M91143! C@B$:" "'P

?4 7!'   " $  %: ,  7!' ! !     H  $  $" $ E1 #! $+  ! "7" "!  " !''$ $  "= 7$ $  &@\"K@!7%" ? ?112     !" 6'"4  $"    H  !!B4  ''!" $!" L < "$"% 6 ' %$""!! $"!= "" $$""!  %P =< 6! ! % '! "7 "  "' !,!" $'$     $""!P < !   "B  !  $ !   4 &"  ''!"  ! "    !" '  ' !   < =<   < "3$  "=7$$! ' "+!%:" $,$",=4''!"$!' "!!'!( $ , %" !  #!"  "" %  $""!  %   :,! $ % 6$"! ; 4.E0.1? .1/<4 B77"+L  "$ L   (& "5     "3#" L  " Q   

!"!7!'$ H  ! "7"6 """%:C:77"7$ $!"B77



-)./-0112