[2024]_IESC__56 — [2024]_IESC__56 — Ireland courts

AN CHÚIRT UACHTARACH THE SUPREME COURT S: AP:IE: 2023:00092 O’Donnell C.J. Dunne J. Hogan J. Collins J. Donnelly J.

Between/ JOHN CONWAY

Appellant AND

AN BORD PLEANÁLA First Respondent

-AND-

THE MINISTER FOR HOUSING, LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND HERITAGE, IRELAND AND THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

Second, Third and Fourth Respondents

AND SILVERMOUNT LTD. NOTICE PARTY

RULING of the Court on costs delivered electronically on the 17th December 2024

1. In these judicial review proceedings, the appellant, an environmental activist based in

Co. Louth, challenged the constitutionality of s. 28(1C) of the Planning and

Development Act 2000 (“the 2000 Act”). This is the provision by which the Minister

for Housing (“the Minister”) can give binding directions (described as “guidelines”) to

planning authorities and An Bord Pleanála in relation to specific aspects of the planning

process such as building heights. Critically, however, the contents of these guidelines

enable the planning authorities and the Board to depart from the terms of local

development plans.

2. The appellant’s challenge was, however, rejected by a decision of this Court in

judgments delivered on 23rd July 2024: see Conway v. An Bord Pleanála [2024] IESC

34. This ruling now addresses the question of costs. Although the relevant parties had

previously made written submissions on this question in the wake of the delivery of this

judgment, this Court invited them to make further submissions should they so wish

following the judgment of Murray J. for this Court in Little v. Chief Appeals Officer

(No.2) [2024] IESC 53. Both the appellant and the State parties have done so.

3. These judicial review proceedings had originally involved a challenge to the validity of

a decision made by An Bord Pleanála (“the Board”) to grant planning permission for a

Strategic Housing Development comprising 545 build to rent apartments, commercial,

retail and office units, a childcare unit and sundry associated site works at Concord Industrial Estate, Naas Road, Walkinstown, Dublin 12 in favour of the notice party,

Silvermount Ltd. By reason, however, of developments which took place in the High

Court during the course of the hearing the case was essentially converted into a case

solely concerning the constitutionality of s. 28(1C) of the 2000 Act. The appellant in

essence agreed not to pursue his challenge to the grant of planning permissions with

the consequence that the Board and Silvermount were released from the proceedings.

In return the State parties agreed not to dispute the appellant’s locus standi to maintain

the constitutional challenge. This agreement was the subject of discussion in the

principal judgments of this Court.

4. At all events, neither the Board nor Silvermount seek costs as against the appellant. The

State parties are not seeking costs as against the appellant. They submit that the

appropriate order should be no order as to costs. The only remaining question, therefore,

is whether the Court should make an award of costs – in whole or in part – in favour of

the appellant.

5. In addressing this question, the Court does not consider it necessary for present

purposes to examine either the specific costs regime for planning cases set out in s. 50B

of the 2000 Act or, for that matter, the general costs provisions to be found in ss. 168

and 169 of the Legal Services Regulatory Authority Act 2015. In disposing of this

application, it is sufficient to say that the present case does not fall within any of the

four categories of special constitutional cases meriting either the full or partial award

of costs to the unsuccessful challenger identified by the Divisional Court in Collins v.

Minister for Finance (No.2) [2014] IEHC 79 and approved (while adding a fifth

category) by this Court in Little (No.2). The appellant contends that he falls into at least

some of the Collins categories. 6. While it is true that the issues raised were important and the judgments delivered in this

appeal served to clarify in particular aspects of Article 28A, it nevertheless cannot be

said that the present appeal raised issues of “conspicuous novelty” (the second category

of Collins) or that it presented questions of far-reaching importance in an area of the

law with general application (the third category of Collins). Nor can it be said to come

within the fifth category of Collins (which was added by the judgment of Murray J. in

Little (No.2)), namely, a case where a claimant succeeded on a significant issue in the

appeal, even if he or she lost the ultimate appeal.

7. As Murray J. noted at para. 63 of Little (No.2), an award of costs (whether full or partial)

could only be awarded to an unsuccessful claimant in a constitutional challenge where

he did not come within any of the five Collins categories if there were extraordinary

circumstances. The Court does not consider that the present appeal involves such

extraordinary circumstances.

8. In these circumstances the Court proposes to make no order as to costs in respect of this

appeal.