Lucerne Police Act (PolG) - Duties (POLG)

1. The Lucerne Police is responsible for maintaining public safety and order. It contributes to prevention through information and other appropriate measures.

2. In particular, it has the following duties

a. It takes measures to avert imminent threats to public safety and order, as well as to people, animals, and the environment, and to eliminate disturbances that have occurred.

b. It performs the duties of the security, criminal, and traffic police as derived from federal and cantonal law.

c. * It fulfills, in particular, the duties of criminal prosecution.

d. It provides administrative and judicial authorities with official and enforcement assistance, insofar as police assistance is provided for in laws and regulations or necessary for their enforcement.

e. It provides aid to the population in emergencies.

3. The Executive Council may assign additional duties to the Lucerne Police through regulations.

1. For the activities of the police in the prosecution of offenses, the Swiss Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO) of October 5, 2007, and the Swiss Juvenile Criminal Procedure Code of March 20, 2009, apply. The ordinance fine procedure according to the Ordinance Fine Act of March 18, 2016, and the Minor Offenses Act of September 14, 1976, are reserved.

1. The Lucerne police collaborate with the municipalities, as well as the police authorities of other cantons, the federal government, and foreign countries.

2. The cantonal cooperation is conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Concordat on the Foundations of Police Cooperation in Central Switzerland (Central Switzerland Police Concordat) of November 6, 2009, insofar as no special regulations exist.

3. The Cantonal Government is authorized - subject to the rights of the Cantonal Council and the eligible voters - to conclude agreements and concordats with the federal government and cantons and to establish a joint police corps with other cantons.

1. The Lucerne Police shall inform the public about their activities, provided that there are no overriding, legitimate interests to the contrary.

1. The Lucerne Police may, for the lawful and appropriate fulfillment of their duties

a. * Process personal data,

b. * Manage suitable data processing systems,

c. * Process particularly sensitive personal data, insofar as it is indispensable for fulfilling their duties,

d. * Conduct profiling, especially for criminal police purposes.

2. They may also process unverifiable personal data for the lawful and appropriate fulfillment of their duties. The accuracy of the data must be verified. If the data is found to be incorrect, it must be destroyed or marked as incorrect.

3. Unless otherwise regulated by this law, the provisions of the Cantonal Law on the Protection of Personal Data (Cantonal Data Protection Law) of July 2, 1990, apply.

4. The provisions of the Law on Video Surveillance from June 20, 2011, apply to the monitoring of publicly accessible places through image transmission and recording devices.

1. Municipalities may, through a public-law contract, grant the Lucerne police the right to electronically access the data necessary for fulfilling their duties from the residents' registration office.

2. Access may be granted to the following data

a. Name,

b. First name,

c. Gender,

d. Profession,

e. Address,

f. Marital status,

g. Nationality,

h. Place of origin and birth,

i. Information on arrival and departure (date, place),

j. Date of birth,

k. Civil legal capacity,

l. * Names of parents, spouse or registered partner, and children,

m. Name of the employer.

3. The following search criteria are permissible

a. Name,

b. Name and first name,

c. Name and date of birth,

d. Address,

e. Household overview,

f. Search by street sections.

4. The retrieval of data is logged, stating the purpose.

1. The Lucerne Police may disclose personal data to other authorities and third parties under the conditions set forth in the Cantonal Data Protection Act.

2. The authorities of the canton and municipalities shall disclose personal data to the Lucerne Police as part of their duties to provide official and legal assistance and under the condition of § 9 of the Data Protection Act.

3. The disclosure of data via retrieval procedures using third-party systems is permitted for cantonal migration, law enforcement, and traffic authorities, provided that

a. the third-party system ensures compliance with the rules of the Data Protection Act and the Information Technology Act of March 7, 2005, and

b. the data disclosure is logged.

1. The Lucerne Police may participate in systems of the federal government and the cantons for the presentation of situational reports.

2. It may exchange the necessary personal data, including particularly sensitive personal data, with other federal and cantonal authorities through retrieval procedures. The data exchange must be logged.

3. The Government Council governs the details, particularly regarding the systems used, access rights, and the categories of personal data that may be processed in the systems.

1. The Compulsory Measures Court is responsible for extending the deletion deadline in accordance with Article 13, Paragraph 1 of the Intercantonal Agreement on Computer-Based Cooperation of the Cantons in Solving Violent Crimes (ViCLAS Concordat) of April 2, 2009.

1. The Lucerne Police may collaborate with the police corps of other cantons to ensure the security of supply and improve emergency call processing and operational management, in order to

a. Operate operational control centers jointly on a permanent basis or have them operated by other police corps,

b. Connect operational control centers for support in special situations or participate in the operation by other operational control centers in case of a failure.

2. For this purpose, the Lucerne Police may exchange the necessary data, including particularly sensitive personal data, as well as other operational and case data with the police corps of other cantons through a retrieval process, mutually process these data, exchange them with their protection and rescue organizations, and collect them from third parties. The electronic data exchange must be logged.

3. Access rights are subject to the cantonal provisions on data protection and IT security, as long as superior law does not stipulate otherwise.

4. The government determines the data processing systems through which personal data may be exchanged and processed according to paragraph 2. The details of data processing, data exchange, and information security must be regulated in inter-cantonal cooperation agreements.

1. The Lucerne Police may operate or participate in analysis systems to prevent and investigate crimes and misdemeanors that are repeatedly and frequently committed by the same perpetrators or groups of perpetrators.

2. They may automatically evaluate the necessary data for this purpose, including particularly sensitive personal data, and exchange it with federal police authorities and other cantonal police authorities via a retrieval process. The data exchange must be logged.

3. The destruction of personal data recorded and generated in the analysis systems occurs

a. immediately, as soon as they are no longer needed for processing,

b. at the latest after five years, whereby anonymized products of the analysis systems may be used for a longer period.

4. The Lucerne Police process exclusively personal data in the analysis systems that have been collected and forwarded by federal police and customs authorities and cantonal police authorities. The government council regulates the details, particularly concerning the systems used, access authorization, and the categories of personal data that can be processed in the analysis systems.

1. Personal data must be destroyed when it is established that they are no longer needed.

2. Recordings of telephone conversations with the command center of the Lucerne Police must be destroyed no later than one year, provided they have not been used in criminal, civil, or administrative proceedings.

3. The following retention periods apply to personal data from preliminary investigations, provided the data have not been used in criminal, civil, or administrative proceedings

a. Image and sound recordings: no later than 100 days

b. Internet surveillance (§ 15d): no later than 1 year

c. Other personal data: no later than 5 years

1. The Lucerne Police shall perform their duties in compliance with legality and proportionality.

2. Among several suitable measures, the Lucerne Police shall choose the one that is expected to least affect the individuals and the general public.

1. Police action is directed against the person who directly disturbs or endangers public safety and order or who is responsible for the behavior of a third party that leads to a disturbance or danger.

2. If a disturbance or danger to public safety and order directly originates from an animal or an object, the police action is directed against the person who, as owner or for another reason, exercises actual control over the animal or object.

3. Other legal provisions to the contrary remain reserved.

1. Police Action May Be Directed Against Other Persons When

a. a serious disturbance or an immediate substantial danger must be averted, and

b. measures against the obligated persons according to § 6 are not possible in time or are unlikely to succeed, and

c. it is reasonable for the affected persons.

1. The Lucerne Police may, by way of exception, take precautionary measures to protect private rights if

a. the existence of the private rights appears credible,

b. protection cannot be obtained in a timely manner through a court or administrative authority, and

c. otherwise, the exercise of the right would be thwarted or disproportionately impeded.

1. The Luzern Police shall take measures in accordance with §§ 5-7a to fulfill their duties.

1. The Lucerne Police may, in the context of a search, to avert danger, and to enforce the legal order, stop individuals to ascertain their identities and determine whether they or any vehicles or other items in their possession are being sought or if they have violated the legal order.

2. Stopped individuals are required to provide their personal information upon request, present any carried identification documents, show items in their possession, and for this purpose, open containers and vehicles.

3. The Lucerne Police may take stopped individuals to the police station if their identity cannot be reliably established on site or only with considerable difficulty, or if the police suspect these individuals of providing false information.

1. The Lucerne Police may question individuals as part of their police duties.

2. They may summon individuals for questioning.

3. If a person does not comply with a summons without sufficient reason and has been informed in writing of the possibility of being brought in, the Lucerne Police may bring them in.

1. The police command may order the surveillance of postal and telecommunications traffic to locate a missing or convicted person (Articles 35, 36, and 37 of the Federal Act on the Surveillance of Postal and Telecommunications Traffic of March 18, 2016).

2. The order requires the approval of the compulsory measures court.

1. The Lucerne Police announce a person whose whereabouts are unknown for police tracking if

a. the conditions for a summons or police custody are met,

b. * ...

c. their behavior gives rise to a strong suspicion that they will commit or are preparing to commit a serious offense or crime,

d. they have escaped from an institution where they are required to stay for criminal or welfare reasons,

e. an official order or decision needs to be delivered to them,

f. they are missing.

2. The announcement is revoked as soon as the reason no longer exists.

1. The Lucerne Police may register persons, vehicles, watercraft, aircraft, and containers for the purpose of covert registration or targeted control in the Schengen Information System, provided the conditions established by the Confederation are met.

1. A public search with or without an image is permissible if there is suspicion that the person being sought has had an accident, has become the victim of a crime, or could endanger themselves or others.

1. The police are permitted to undertake identification measures

a. for individuals whose identity cannot be established by other means, or only with considerable difficulty,

b. * for individuals who have been convicted of a crime or offense resulting in an unconditional custodial sentence or against whom a security measure involving deprivation of liberty has been imposed according to the Penal Code,

c. * ...

d. when there are facts justifying the assumption that such measures are necessary for the clarification of future offenses,

e. * for individuals who have been deported or expelled, are in extradition custody, or are subject to an entry ban.

2. Identification measures particularly include the taking of fingerprints and palm prints, determination of external physical characteristics, measurements, photographic recordings, handwriting samples, and DNA analyses.

3. If there is no sufficient reason for the registration of identification records, these are to be destroyed, and corresponding registration references are to be deleted. Affected individuals may request the destruction.

1. The Lucerne police may approach individuals who, based on their behavior or statements, are assumed to pose a serious threat of violence directed at others, and inform them of possible legal consequences.

2. For this purpose, they can summon the individuals posing a threat under the warning of legal consequences stipulated in Article 292 of the Swiss Criminal Code of December 21, 1937.

3. The police may also address the individuals posing a threat in writing.

1. The Lucerne Police may disclose personal data of individuals posing a threat, particularly data concerning the completion of administrative and criminal measures and sanctions, to persons at risk, authorities, and third parties if it is necessary to avert an imminent danger.

2. In making such disclosures, the Lucerne Police must respect the personal rights of the individual posing a threat as much as possible.

3. The disclosure is generally made with simultaneous notification of the individual posing a threat. Such notification may be postponed or omitted if necessary for the protection of overriding public or private interests.

4. The authorities of the canton and municipalities may disclose personal data as specified in paragraph 1 to the Lucerne Police.

5. The Department of Justice and Security may coordinate the cooperation between the Lucerne Police, other authorities, and third parties, and for this purpose may process personal data as specified in paragraph 1. The government council will regulate the details.

1. The Lucerne Police may process personal data of potential offenders to avert dangers and prevent crimes, and for this purpose, maintain a data collection.

2. Access to the potential offender data collection is restricted solely to the operations control center and police officers responsible for violence protection.

1. The police may search a person if

a. it appears necessary under the circumstances for the protection of the police officer or a third party,

b. there are grounds for police detention under this or another law,

c. there is a reasonable suspicion that the person possesses items that must be secured by law,

d. it is necessary for the purpose of establishing identity,

e. the person is evidently in a state that excludes free will and the search is necessary for their protection.

2. Except for searches involving weapons, female individuals may only be searched by women, and male individuals may only be searched by men.

1. The Lucerne Police may search vehicles and other objects when

a. they are carried by a person who may be searched in accordance with § 14,

abis. * it is required for the protection of police officers or other individuals,

b. there is suspicion that a person is unlawfully detained in them or is to be taken into custody, or

c. there is suspicion that an object to be secured is located in them.

2. The measure shall, if possible, be carried out in the presence of the person exercising control over the object. If this person is absent, a representative or a witness shall be summoned.

1. Covert investigation occurs when police officers or individuals temporarily employed for police tasks, using a false identity backed by documentation (legend), establish contacts with persons through deceptive behavior with the aim of building a relationship of trust and infiltrating a criminal environment in order to detect the preparation of particularly serious offenses or to prevent particularly serious offenses.

2. The Commander of the Lucerne Police may order a covert investigation prior to criminal proceedings if

a. there are sufficient indications that a crime mentioned in Article 286, paragraph 2 of the Swiss Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO) could be committed,

b. the seriousness of the offense justifies the covert investigation, and

c. other measures have been unsuccessful or the investigations would otherwise be futile or disproportionately difficult.

3. The deployment of a covert investigator requires approval from the Compulsory Measures Court. The Lucerne Police must submit the application within 24 hours of ordering the covert investigation.

4. Articles 151 and 286-298 StPO apply mutatis mutandis.

5. As soon as a concrete suspicion of a crime against a particular person arises in the course of a covert investigation, a police investigation procedure must be initiated in accordance with Article 306 StPO, and if the prerequisites of Article 307, paragraph 1 StPO are fulfilled, the public prosecutor's office must be informed.

1. Covert Surveillance is present when members of the police, in the context of short assignments, act in such a manner that their true identity and role are not recognizable, attempting to detect the preparation of crimes or misdemeanors, or to prevent such offenses, particularly by concluding sham transactions or feigning willingness to conclude them.

2. The Lucerne police may order covert surveillance in the pre-investigative phase of criminal proceedings if

a. there are sufficient indications that crimes or misdemeanors could occur, and

b. other measures have been unsuccessful or the investigation would otherwise be futile or disproportionately difficult.

3. Undercover officers are not equipped with a backstory in the sense of § 15a paragraph 1. Their true identity and role are disclosed in the procedural files and during interrogations.

4. The requirements for the deployed persons apply mutatis mutandis according to Article 287 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC). The deployment of persons according to Article 287 paragraph 1b CPC is excluded. The provisions for the position, tasks, and duties of undercover officers and management personnel apply mutatis mutandis according to Articles 291-294 CPC.

5. The termination of the deployment occurs pursuant to the provisions of Article 297 paragraphs 1a and c as well as 3 CPC.

6. As soon as concrete suspicion of an offense against a specific person arises in the context of covert surveillance, a police investigative procedure according to Article 306 CPC must be initiated, and if the conditions according to Article 307 paragraph 1 CPC are met, the public prosecutor's office must be informed.

7. If covert surveillance has lasted one month, its continuation requires approval by the compulsory measures court or it must be transitioned into a regular criminal proceeding. For approval by the compulsory measures court, Article 289 CPC applies mutatis mutandis.

8. For the notification of covert surveillance, Article 298 paragraphs 1 and 3 CPC applies mutatis mutandis.

1. The Lucerne Police may enter private properties and search premises when circumstances necessitate immediate action in order to

a. avert a serious danger to life and limb or to the freedom of a person,

b. protect animals or objects of significant value,

c. take a person into custody, provided there are sufficient indications that they are located in the premises to be searched,

d. confiscate weapons based on the Federal Act on Weapons, Weapon Accessories, and Ammunition of June 20, 1997.

2. Present owners of the properties to be entered and the premises to be searched shall attend the search. If they are absent, if possible, an adult family member, a representative of the municipal authorities, or another suitable person shall be involved.

3. The Lucerne Police shall promptly inform the rightful person or their representative of the reason for the search, provided that doing so does not thwart the purpose of the measure.

1. The Lucerne Police may covertly observe persons and objects in publicly accessible places and make audio and video recordings if

a. there are sufficient indications that crimes or offenses may occur, or if this is necessary for ensuring public safety, particularly to support security forces, and

b. the investigations or measures to ensure public safety would otherwise be futile or disproportionately difficult.

2. If an observation has lasted for one month, its continuation requires approval by the Coercive Measures Court or it must be transferred to regular criminal proceedings. The provisions of Article 289 of the Swiss Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO) apply accordingly to the approval by the Coercive Measures Court.

3. Articles 283 and 298 paragraph 3 of the Swiss Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO) apply accordingly for the notification of observation and legal protection.

1. The Commander may order the surveillance of internet communication platforms with technical means, accessible only to a restricted user group, in advance of criminal proceedings, if

a. there are sufficient indications that a serious crime against life and limb, property, or sexual integrity could occur, namely rampages, hooliganism, serious acts of violence against persons, commercial fraud, or serious sexual offenses,

b. the severity of the crime justifies the surveillance, and

c. other measures to detect preparation or to prevent such crimes have been unsuccessful, or investigations would otherwise be futile or disproportionately complicated.

2. Surveillance using technical means on the internet requires prior authorization by the Compulsory Measures Court. Article 274 of the Code of Criminal Procedure applies mutatis mutandis for authorization by the Compulsory Measures Court.

3. For the procedure, notification of surveillance, and legal protection, the rules of the Code of Criminal Procedure on the surveillance of postal and telecommunications traffic apply mutatis mutandis.

1. The Lucerne Police may conduct preliminary investigations based on tips or their own observations prior to criminal proceedings in order to avert an imminent threat to public safety or to determine whether criminal offenses can be prevented or solved.

1. The Lucerne Police may temporarily detain individuals in police custody if

a. they pose a serious and immediate danger to themselves or others,

b. it is necessary to prevent the imminent commission of a criminal offense or to prevent the continuation of a significant criminal offense,

c. it is necessary to ensure the enforcement of an expulsion, deportation, or extradition ordered by the competent authority,

d. it is necessary to ensure a preliminary or bringing before the authorities.

2. The person taken into custody must be informed of the reason for this measure as soon as they are able to understand.

3. The person may not be held in police custody longer than absolutely necessary, and not more than 24 hours.

4. At the request of the affected person, the court for compulsory measures reviews the legality of the custody. The request does not have a suspensive effect. The procedure is governed by the Act on Administrative Legal Proceedings of July 3, 1972.

5. For police custody under Article 8 of the Concordat on Measures against Violence during Sporting Events of November 15, 2007/February 2, 2012, paragraph 4 shall apply mutatis mutandis.

1. The Lucerne Police are authorized to return minors or individuals under comprehensive guardianship, who have absconded from parental or official supervision or who have fled from an assigned foster care placement, to their legal guardians or the appropriate authorities.

1. Persons detained under the authority of this law or other legal regulations may be restrained with shackles if there is a suspicion that they will

a. attack people, resist, or damage property,

b. flee or be freed,

c. commit suicide or injure themselves.

2. Restraint is always allowed during transport.

1. The Lucerne Police may order individuals to leave a location or prevent them from returning for up to 24 hours if they, or a group of individuals to which they belong,

a. are reasonably suspected of endangering or disturbing public safety and order,

b. significantly harass third parties or unjustifiably prevent them from using public spaces as intended,

c. obstruct the deployment of police, fire brigades, or rescue services,

d. violate or endanger the sensibilities of individuals,

e. are in serious and immediate danger.

2. If an individual resists the ordered removal or exclusion, the Lucerne Police will issue a written order for removal or exclusion for a maximum of one month.

3. In special cases, particularly if a person has been repeatedly ordered to leave or been excluded from a location, the Lucerne Police may impose the prohibition under threat of the consequences as stipulated in Article 292 of the Swiss Penal Code dated December 21, 1937.

4. Decisions pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 3 can be appealed at the Coercive Measures Court. The procedure, subject to these provisions, follows the Administrative Justice Act of July 3, 1972. Filing an appeal does not have a suspensive effect.

5. Paragraph 4 applies analogously to area bans and reporting obligations under Articles 5 and 6 of the Concordat on Measures Against Violence at Sporting Events, as well as to travel restrictions under Article 24c of the Federal Act on Measures to Safeguard Internal Security dated March 21, 1997.

1. The Lucerne Police may apply direct force against objects and individuals to fulfill their duties and employ appropriate means.

2. The exercise of direct force must be preceded by a clear threat of force. This may be omitted in exceptional cases if the defense against the danger or the purpose of the measure would be thwarted by it.

1. The Lucerne Police may use firearms when no other available measure of coercion can achieve the police objective.

2. The use of firearms is guided by the principles of §§ 5 and 6 and is justified

a. in the event of an immediate dangerous assault or equivalent threat against third parties or members of the Lucerne Police,

b. to apprehend persons who have committed or are urgently suspected of committing a serious crime or felony and who are attempting to evade arrest or detention,

c. when information or findings provide certainty or urgent suspicion that individuals pose a danger to the life and limb of others and are attempting to evade arrest or detention,

d. for the liberation of hostages,

e. to prevent an imminent serious crime or felony against facilities that, because of their potential for harm, represent a particular danger to the public.

3. A clear warning must precede the use of a firearm if circumstances permit.

1. Municipalities may utilize the Lucerne Police for municipal police matters such as the regulation of local and stationary traffic, traffic and security police services at events within the municipality, as well as the execution of orders from the municipality's administrative bodies.

2. ...

3. ...

1. The Lucerne Police is subordinate to the head of the competent department. It is led by the Chief of Police.

2. The government council regulates the organization of the Lucerne Police in the ordinance.

1. The Lucerne Police are responsible for the education and training of the members of the police corps.

2. The basic training is conducted at the Intercantonal Police School Hitzkirch.

1. The Lucerne Police may deploy security assistants to perform the following and similar tasks with a low level of complexity

a. Reception and escorting of detainees,

b. Access control and property protection,

c. Enforcement of court police measures,

d. Monitoring of stationary traffic.

2. Security assistants may also be deployed for additional tasks under the supervision and guidance of police corps members.

3. Security assistants may be equipped with a firearm for the tasks listed in sections 1a-c, if necessary.

4. Security assistants shall be trained for their duties. Armed security assistants must undergo weapons training equivalent to that of police corps members.

1. The commander may, for official reasons, require members of the Lucerne Police to take up residence at their place of duty.

1. The commander may appoint legal counsel for members of the Lucerne police if criminal proceedings are initiated against them for an act committed in the performance of their duties.

2. In criminal and civil lawsuits by members of the Lucerne police against third parties, the granting of legal protection requires the consent of the relevant department.

3. The costs may be reclaimed in whole or in part if members of the corps are found guilty.

1. The government council may, upon the request of the commander, assign private individuals to carry out tasks for the Lucerne Police, provided they meet the necessary requirements.

2. ...

3. Tasks that require police actions in accordance with §§ 9-21 may not be transferred to private individuals.

1. Anyone who carries out security services commercially requires a license from the competent department.

1. The authorization may be granted if the applicant demonstrates that they

a. have legal capacity,

b. possess Swiss citizenship or a permanent residence permit and reside in Switzerland,

c. have not been convicted of offenses against life and limb, morality, or property in the five years preceding the application submission, and

d. have a good reputation.

2. Legal entities must designate a representative for the granting of the authorization. These representatives must be able to prove at any time that the personnel entrusted with professional surveillance tasks meets the authorization requirements.

3. The authorization may be granted with conditions and shall be revoked if the requirements are no longer met or if the conditions are violated.

1. Private individuals, subject to § 28, have no police powers.

2. Anyone who professionally undertakes security tasks is obliged to cooperate with the Lucerne police, subject to the right to refuse testimony according to the provisions of the Swiss Code of Criminal Procedure.

3. Anyone who undertakes security tasks professionally without a permit or fails to comply with the obligations specified in the conditions for the permit shall be punished with a fine, even in cases of negligent conduct.

1. The Lucerne Police charge fees in accordance with the provisions of the Fee Act of September 14, 1993.

2. In particular, they may charge the originator for extraordinary expenses incurred during a police operation, specifically if these expenses are caused intentionally or through gross negligence, or if they are mainly in the individual's private interest.

a. * ...

b. * ...

3. The Government Council shall regulate the details in an ordinance.

1. For events with a commercial purpose, the Lucerne police charge the organizer for the costs of the police operation.

2. For events with a wholly or partially idealistic purpose, the Lucerne police, in agreement with the Department of Justice and Security, charge reduced costs depending on the proportion of the idealistic purpose. For demonstrations, the issuing of an invoice is waived subject to § 32b.

3. The government council determines in the ordinance the number of operational hours that are provided free of charge as part of the basic police services.

1. Events where violence against persons or objects has been perpetrated may result in the organiser and the individuals involved in the act of violence being charged for the costs of the police deployment, in addition to reimbursement costs under § 32a, from the onset of the violence.

2. The costs of the police deployment from the onset of the violence shall be divided such that a maximum of 40 percent is borne by the organiser and a maximum of 60 percent by the individuals involved in the act of violence.

3. The organiser shall only be liable for costs if they do not possess the required authorization or have intentionally or through gross negligence failed to comply with the conditions of the authorization. Depending on compliance with the authorization conditions, the portion of costs to be borne by the organiser is to be reduced. The organiser can be charged a maximum of 30,000 francs.

4. ...

4a. The portion of costs to be borne by the individuals involved in the act of violence is allocated to each person based on their individual contribution to the offense and their individual causation of the police deployment. A single person may be charged a maximum of 10,000 francs, and in particularly severe cases, a maximum of 30,000 francs. Persons who, upon official request, remove themselves from the group committing violence shall remain free of costs if they neither used violence themselves nor incited others to use violence.

1. Private individuals who carry out security assignments commercially within the territory of the canton (§ 29) must obtain a permit for their activities within one year after the entry into force of this law.

1. The Law on the Cantonal Police dated December 1, 1969, is hereby repealed.

1. The Executive Council determines the commencement.

2. The law is subject to an optional referendum.